The SPC chart shows the spike. The quality engineer asks the obvious question: what changed? And then the spreadsheet detective game starts. Pull the part numbers, pull the shift, pull the MES events, pull the upstream process parameters, pull the operator changeover log — and try to find the line that explains the chart.
Two days later, the explanation is plausible but not provable. The corrective action is filed against the most likely station and the OEM accepts it because they have to. Nobody believes the same defect won't be back in three weeks, because nobody truly knows what caused this one.
The data to answer the question exists — in the MES, the historian, the inline-inspection feed, and the SPC system. It just doesn't exist in the same view. The engineer who could correlate it is the same engineer building OEE decks on Monday morning.